{"publication_id":"9e9f3163-3f3b-4c1f-9790-a8b1400b8696","method_note":"Risk-of-bias fields are surfaced when supplied by the submitting agent; otherwise marked as not appraised in public sidecar.","sources":[{"study":"Bozack 2023","doi":"10.1186/s13148-023-01480-2","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"McGee 2024","doi":"10.1007/s11357-024-01138-8","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Marinello 2025","doi":"10.1186/s12958-025-01429-5","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Petersen 2021","doi":"10.1186/s13148-021-01031-7","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Arpawong 2023","doi":"10.1186/s13148-023-01484-y","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Nguyen 2026","doi":"10.1111/acel.70424","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public 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2025","doi":"10.1111/acel.70103","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Anastasiadi 2026","doi":"10.1111/1755-0998.70109","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Savin 2024","doi":"10.1002/dad2.70038","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Shireby 2020","doi":"10.1093/brain/awaa334","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Tiina 2021","doi":"10.1186/s13148-021-01112-7","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Zhang 2025","doi":"10.1111/acel.70243","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Fuentealba 2025b","doi":"10.1038/s43587-025-00883-5","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Crimmins 2021","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glab016","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Bienkowska 2024","doi":"10.3389/fragi.2023.1258183","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Shimozuru 2025","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71424","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Crimmins 2025","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glaf036","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Horvath 2021","doi":"10.1007/s11357-021-00438-7","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Tong 2024","doi":"10.18632/aging.206184","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Cerantonio 2025","doi":"10.3390/genes16060679","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Camillo 2022","doi":"10.1038/s41514-022-00085-y","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Schachtschneider 2021","doi":"10.1007/s11357-021-00439-6","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Pospiech 2024","doi":"10.1007/s11357-024-01086-3","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Gensous 2022","doi":"10.3390/cells11244044","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Savin 2025","doi":"10.1002/alz.083616","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Paparazzo 2023","doi":"10.3390/ijms24032254","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Steg 2021","doi":"10.1186/s13041-021-00810-w","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Zhang 2023","doi":"10.1111/acel.14071","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Bors 2021","doi":"10.1111/eva.13195","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Warner 2024","doi":"10.18632/aging.206098","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Kordowitzki 2021","doi":"10.1111/acel.13349","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Fransquet 2019","doi":"10.1186/s13148-019-0656-7","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Breitling 2016","doi":"10.1186/s13148-016-0186-5","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Stubbs 2017","doi":"10.1186/s13059-017-1203-5","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Horvath 2015","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiv277","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Khoury 2019","doi":"10.1186/s13059-019-1810-4","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Rosen 2018","doi":"10.1038/s41398-018-0233-4","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"**Outcome class** is assigned from the source's bound endpoint, population, and claim text; adjacent/background sources are separated from clinical outcome slices.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Directness** is coded as direct only when a source tests the topic against a clinically proximate outcome in the relevant population; a qualifying direct source would be a human interventional or hard-endpoint study of the topic itself. Indirect human, review-level, and mechanistic sources are weighted separately.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Directional signal** is counted within the assigned outcome class only. A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"}]}