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A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Studenski 2011","doi":"10.1001/jama.2010.1923","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Cesari 2009","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glp012","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"ADA 2024","doi":"10.2337/dc24-S006","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Cruz-Jentoft 2019","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afy169","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Tancredi 2015","doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa1504347","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Ioannidis 2005","doi":"10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"}]}