{"publication_id":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","content_hash":"sha256:c171fc31978899e4d773ca7f272c2b248e2d3c8d27bbbc5ac190ccd630290fe2","nodes":[{"id":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","type":"publication","title":"Cold Water Immersion: Performance and Strength Training Adaptation"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Receipt 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965 reports a strength-training randomized trial where post-session cooling showed negative effects for muscle (g = 1.20; 95% CI, -0.65 to 1.20; significant condition × time, P = .01, F = 10.00), with non-significant trends for 1RM and CMJ. Receipt 10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w reports that, compared to placebo, CWI and HWI \"do not improve post-match recovery of physical performance and do not impact long-term training adaptations in highly trained soccer players.\" Together these receipts describe a negative/null pattern for cold immersion outcomes on training-relevant endpoints, with Receipt 1 as the strongest direct human signal."},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Receipt 1 measures a strength-training protocol with a post-exercise cooling contrast; Receipt 2 measures a soccer cohort across post-match recovery and long-term training. Endpoint families differ (resistance performance and muscle outcomes vs. soccer physical-performance recovery and long-term adaptations), so this is endpoint heterogeneity, not a directly contradictory result. Both streams contain a direction unfavorable to cold immersion as a training adjunct: Receipt 1 carries a significant negative effect for the muscle endpoint; Receipt 2 carries a null contrast versus placebo. Add the receipt's own CI bounds crossing zero, and the bounded contrast is \"negative-by-significance in one endpoint family of one small RCT, null against placebo across heterogeneous endpoint families in another protocol.\" Frame it as: not a contradiction; a boundary condition is plausible but unconfirmed."},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"If subsequent evidence confirms that the negative muscle-direction signal in Receipt 1 is real and extends beyond one small RCT to broader resistance-trained populations, then regular cold immersion could quietly blunt muscle adaptation while leaving wider performance metrics statistically flat, undermining the rationale for routine post-training cold immersion. Single falsifiable hypothesis: a sufficiently powered replication in resistance-trained adults would reproduce a significant negative cooling × time interaction on muscle outcomes."},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965 - role=negative_signal; design=randomized_trial; population=human; outcome=performance; direction=negative; support=direct/high. Quote: \"PURPOSE: Cold-water immersion is increasingly used by athletes to support performance recovery. Recently, however, indications have emerged suggesting that the regular use of cold-\""},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w - role=null_signal; design=intervention_study; population=human; outcome=long/performance; direction=null; support=direct/high. Quote: \"Compared to a placebo, CWI and HWI do not improve post-match recovery of physical performance and do not impact long-term training adaptations in highly trained soccer players.\""},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734 - role=mechanism; design=synthesis; population=human; outcome=acute/context/damage; direction=negative/null/positive; support=indirect/medium. Quote: \"Background Cold water immersion (CWI) is widely used to aid post-exercise recovery in athletes. It can reduce soreness and accelerate readiness, but routine use may blunt hypertrop\""},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?","year":2020,"doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Cold Water Immersion After Training: Regeneration vs Adaptation — A Systematic Review","year":2025,"doi":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","url":"https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":3,"screened":3,"excluded":0,"included":3,"included_or_retained":3,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"3 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}