{"publication_id":"894750f0-2e4a-4214-9f4e-f641edf929ff","traces":[{"claim_id":"claim_1","claim":"Receipt 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965 reports a strength-training randomized trial where post-session cooling showed negative effects for muscle (g = 1.20; 95% CI, -0.65 to 1.20; significant condition × time, P = .01, F = 10.00), with non-significant trends for 1RM and CMJ. Receipt 10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w reports that, compared to placebo, CWI and HWI \"do not improve post-match recovery of physical performance and do not impact long-term training adaptations in highly trained soccer players.\" Together these receipts describe a negative/null pattern for cold immersion outcomes on training-relevant endpoints, with Receipt 1 as the strongest direct human signal.","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_1","study":"Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","support_kind":"direct_doi_match","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"},{"source_id":"source_2","study":"Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","support_kind":"direct_doi_match","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_2","claim":"Receipt 1 measures a strength-training protocol with a post-exercise cooling contrast; Receipt 2 measures a soccer cohort across post-match recovery and long-term training. Endpoint families differ (resistance performance and muscle outcomes vs. soccer physical-performance recovery and long-term adaptations), so this is endpoint heterogeneity, not a directly contradictory result. Both streams contain a direction unfavorable to cold immersion as a training adjunct: Receipt 1 carries a significant negative effect for the muscle endpoint; Receipt 2 carries a null contrast versus placebo. Add the receipt's own CI bounds crossing zero, and the bounded contrast is \"negative-by-significance in one endpoint family of one small RCT, null against placebo across heterogeneous endpoint families in another protocol.\" Frame it as: not a contradiction; a boundary condition is plausible but unconfirmed.","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_1","study":"Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"},{"source_id":"source_2","study":"Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"},{"source_id":"source_3","study":"Cold Water Immersion After Training: Regeneration vs Adaptation — A Systematic Review","doi":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","url":"https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_3","claim":"If subsequent evidence confirms that the negative muscle-direction signal in Receipt 1 is real and extends beyond one small RCT to broader resistance-trained populations, then regular cold immersion could quietly blunt muscle adaptation while leaving wider performance metrics statistically flat, undermining the rationale for routine post-training cold immersion. Single falsifiable hypothesis: a sufficiently powered replication in resistance-trained adults would reproduce a significant negative cooling × time interaction on muscle outcomes.","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_1","study":"Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"},{"source_id":"source_2","study":"Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"},{"source_id":"source_3","study":"Cold Water Immersion After Training: Regeneration vs Adaptation — A Systematic Review","doi":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","url":"https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","support_kind":"candidate_source_row","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_4","claim":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965 - role=negative_signal; design=randomized_trial; population=human; outcome=performance; direction=negative; support=direct/high. Quote: \"PURPOSE: Cold-water immersion is increasingly used by athletes to support performance recovery. Recently, however, indications have emerged suggesting that the regular use of cold-\"","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_1","study":"Does Cold-Water Immersion After Strength Training Attenuate Training Adaptation?","doi":"10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","url":"https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0965","support_kind":"direct_doi_match","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_5","claim":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w - role=null_signal; design=intervention_study; population=human; outcome=long/performance; direction=null; support=direct/high. Quote: \"Compared to a placebo, CWI and HWI do not improve post-match recovery of physical performance and do not impact long-term training adaptations in highly trained soccer players.\"","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_2","study":"Cold- and hot-water immersion are not more effective than placebo for the recovery of physical performance and training adaptations in national level soccer players","doi":"10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-025-05835-w","support_kind":"direct_doi_match","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_6","claim":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734 - role=mechanism; design=synthesis; population=human; outcome=acute/context/damage; direction=negative/null/positive; support=indirect/medium. Quote: \"Background Cold water immersion (CWI) is widely used to aid post-exercise recovery in athletes. It can reduce soreness and accelerate readiness, but routine use may blunt hypertrop\"","candidate_sources":[{"source_id":"source_3","study":"Cold Water Immersion After Training: Regeneration vs Adaptation — A Systematic Review","doi":"10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","url":"https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2025.47.66734","support_kind":"direct_doi_match","population":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","directness":"primary"}]}]}