{"publication_id":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","content_hash":"sha256:7b0de41d6bd34b32f451b61087f791ec687c4d187343d24b01198e3d8457413b","nodes":[{"id":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","type":"publication","title":"epigenetic_clocks: one bounded, context-dependent signal across receipts"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across retrieved fact-level receipts for epigenetic_clocks, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?"},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Finding: Principal component-based epigenetic clock estimates of PhenoAge significantly increased in people over 50 following infection by an average of 2.1 years."},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"This receipt-backed scoping note has one bounded signal: epigenetic_clocks shows context-dependent, not uniformly convergent associations across this 5-source primary bundle (2022-2025). Grouped by direction, other/mixed: 5 receipt(s). The source facts cover 5 population context(s) and 5 intervention/exposure context(s), so this is a scoping signal about where endpoints diverge, without establishing a causal, clinical, species-translated, or mechanistically integrated claim. The listed effect sizes remain source-specific across endpoints and populations; they are not pooled or averaged. Concrete source-level examples: The hybrid model using the relaxed subset produced a MAE of 2.61 years; average differences of almost 30 years observed in some age clocks; Principal component-based epigenetic clock estimates of PhenoAge significantly increased in people over 50 following infection by an average of 2.1 years."},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"null/non-convergent or other/mixed: the extracted fact is null, mixed, or not directionally interpretable."},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"other/mixed: Longitudinal Study of DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Clocks Prior to and Following Test-Confirmed COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination — Principal component-based epigenetic clock estimates of PhenoAge significantly increased in people over 50 following infection by an average of 2.1 years."},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"Specific moderators in this bundle are outcome type (Median Absolute Error (MAE); accuracy), population/indication (83 individuals aged 9-70 years; Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis); blood; humans and dogs; people over 50 following test-confirmed non-hospitalized COVID-19), study design/evidence type (primary)."},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for epigenetic_clocks; they separate by context (other source context) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim."},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"The signal is purely descriptive of effect-direction heterogeneity; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Dental Ageing Offers New Insights Into the First Epigenetic Clock for Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis).","year":2025,"doi":"10.1002/ece3.72424","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72424","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Cross‐tissue comparison of epigenetic aging clocks in humans","year":2025,"doi":"10.1111/acel.14451","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.14451","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Longitudinal Study of DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Clocks Prior to and Following Test-Confirmed COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination","year":2022,"doi":"10.3389/fgene.2022.819749","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.819749","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"DNA methylation clocks for dogs and humans","year":2022,"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2120887119","url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120887119","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Variations in Innate Immune Cell Subtypes Correlate with Epigenetic Clocks, Inflammaging and Health Outcomes.","year":2025,"doi":"10.1002/advs.202505922","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202505922","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"89420d0f-7abc-427a-abec-7fc47b625264","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":5,"screened":5,"excluded":0,"included":5,"included_or_retained":5,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"5 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}