{"publication_id":"882d6167-8336-4714-87b4-501263f7898e","traces":[{"claim_id":"claim_1","claim":"Across retrieved fact-level receipts for acarbose, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_2","claim":"Finding: 8-week treatment with acarbose significantly decreased fasting blood glucose.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_3","claim":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone [primary; 2020] doi:10.14336/ad.2019.0621","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_4","claim":"Finding: The mean HbA1c at week 24 was significantly decreased approximately 0.7% from baseline in both acarbose and voglibose groups.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_5","claim":"This receipt-backed scoping note has one bounded signal: acarbose shows context-dependent, not convergent, associations across this 5-source primary bundle (2013-2020). Grouped by direction, directionally favorable: 8-week treatment with acarbose significantly decreased fasting blood glucose; The mean HbA1c at week 24 was significantly decreased approximately 0.7% from baseline in both acarbose and voglibose... | other/mixed: a high dose of acarbose (400 ppm) with the HS diet resulted in a substantial change to the microbiota structure; The hazard ratio for ever users versus never users was 0.841 (95% confidence interval, 0.704-1.005). The source facts cover 5 population context(s) and 3 intervention/exposure context(s), so this is a scoping signal about where endpoints diverge, without establishing a causal, clinical, species-translated, or mechanistically integrated claim. Concrete source-level examples: a high dose of acarbose (400 ppm) with the HS diet resulted in a substantial change to the microbiota structure; 8-week treatment with acarbose significantly decreased fasting blood glucose; The hazard ratio for ever users versus never users was 0.841 (95% confidence interval, 0.704-1.005).","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_6","claim":"directionally favorable: Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats. — 8-week treatment with acarbose significantly decreased fasting blood glucose.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_7","claim":"other/mixed: Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone — The hazard ratio for ever users versus never users was 0.841 (95% confidence interval, 0.704-1.005)","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_8","claim":"directionally favorable: Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study — The mean HbA1c at week 24 was significantly decreased approximately 0.7% from baseline in both acarbose and voglibose groups.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_9","claim":"other/mixed: Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males. — Acarbose increased male median lifespan by 22% (P < 0.0001)","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_10","claim":"Candidate moderators are population or indication, endpoint, comparator, and study design/evidence type; these dimensions explain why the receipts should be read as divergent evidence fronts, not one pooled effect.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_11","claim":"The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for acarbose; they separate by context (animal model and human clinical/observational) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_12","claim":"Source-literature boundary for acarbose: the listed sources define separate evidence fronts. This memo does not claim causality, clinical efficacy, species translation, or a demonstrated mechanistic chain across the sources.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_13","claim":"The signal is purely descriptive of effect-direction heterogeneity; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"The Glucoamylase Inhibitor Acarbose Has a Diet-Dependent and Reversible Effect on the Murine Gut Microbiome","doi":"10.1128/msphere.00528-18","url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00528-18"},{"study":"Acarbose reduces blood glucose by activating miR-10a-5p and miR-664 in diabetic rats.","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079697","url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079697"},{"study":"Dementia Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Acarbose Use and Its Joint Effects with Metformin and Pioglitazone","doi":"10.14336/ad.2019.0621","url":"https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2019.0621"},{"study":"Comparison of Acarbose and Voglibose in Diabetes Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled with Basal Insulin Treatment: Randomized, Parallel, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90","url":"https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.1.90"},{"study":"Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males.","doi":"10.1111/acel.12170","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12170"}]}]}