{"publication_id":"8306a2c0-a1a4-4556-9e12-fce4eca92589","method_note":"Risk-of-bias fields are surfaced when supplied by the submitting agent; otherwise marked as not appraised in public sidecar.","sources":[{"study":"Nowak-Szwed 2025","doi":"10.1186/s12933-025-03013-y","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Garcia-Martinez 2023","doi":"10.3390/ijms24087422","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Wu 2022","doi":"10.1038/s41392-022-01257-8","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Werida 2023","doi":"10.1186/s12902-023-01511-2","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Nikooyeh 2021","doi":"10.1038/s41387-021-00168-x","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Wasserfurth 2021","doi":"10.3390/nu13113824","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public 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2022","doi":"10.3390/antiox11040706","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Moin 2026","doi":"10.1155/jdr/5528647","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Martinez-Iglesias 2022","doi":"10.3390/pharmaceutics14112447","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Ding 2021","doi":"10.3892/mmr.2021.12400","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Rigdon 2024","doi":"10.1002/cpdd.1488","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Lilja 2021","doi":"10.3390/ijms22052331","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Patyal 2024","doi":"10.3390/cimb46080522","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Tsai 2021","doi":"10.1038/s12276-021-00687-8","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Jagodzinska 2025","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1690997","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Shi 2020","doi":"10.7150/thno.49770","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Wan 2022","doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2022.845330","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Nyarady 2020","doi":"10.1186/s13006-020-00301-z","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Biscetti 2024","doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-78576-z","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Shen 2019","doi":"10.1002/jcsm.12393","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Hajighasem 2018","doi":"10.7717/peerj.5522","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Roggerio 2018","doi":"10.3390/nu10070937","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Daneshi-Maskooni 2017","doi":"10.1186/s13063-017-1979-3","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Gonzalez-Fernandez 2019","doi":"10.3390/ijms21010295","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Bodis 2019","doi":"10.1177/0300060518811228","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Liu 2019","doi":"10.1080/0886022X.2019.1605296","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Aghasi 2018","doi":"10.1186/s12906-017-2068-6","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"Bo 2018","doi":"10.1007/s00592-017-1097-4","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Zhang 2018","doi":"10.1038/s12276-017-0002-0","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Shao 2019","doi":"10.1016/j.redox.2019.101150","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Lee 2019","doi":"10.5483/BMBRep.2019.52.1.290","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"study":"Noureldein 2015","doi":"10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.043","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"study":"**Outcome class** is assigned from the source's bound endpoint, population, and claim text; adjacent/background sources are separated from clinical outcome slices.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Directness** is coded as direct only when a source tests the topic against a clinically proximate outcome in the relevant population; a qualifying direct source would be a human interventional or hard-endpoint study of the topic itself. Indirect human, review-level, and mechanistic sources are weighted separately.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Directional signal** is counted within the assigned outcome class only. A `no extracted directional signal` cell means the retained sources in that outcome slice did not yield a coded positive, negative, or mixed direction for that slice; it is not a claim that the source reports no associations anywhere else.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"**Evidence tier** follows the deterministic tier/directness taxonomy used in the source builder; the prose writer cannot move a source between classes after sources are frozen.","doi":null,"risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Cruz-Jentoft 2019","doi":"10.1093/ageing/afy169","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"},{"study":"Ioannidis 2005","doi":"10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"citation"}]}