{"publication_id":"6a95d805-9bed-4d50-9674-754d8b52c1ea","traces":[{"claim_id":"claim_1","claim":"This evidence map surveys 24 independent SGLT2 inhibitors sources drawn from the Tier-2 corpus and classified as direct findings. They vary across population, comparator, and/or endpoint and are catalogued by source in the Findings Map rather than pooled into one estimate — cross-population aggregation is not claimed. Each row records its own population, comparator, endpoint, and effect, so the spread of the literature and any tensions between findings remain explicit.","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_2","claim":"| individuals with CKD, with or without… | — | SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of kidney failure and other major kidney outcomes by 30%–… | 2024 doi:10.34067/kid.0000000000000425 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_3","claim":"| U.S. SGLT-2 inhibitor prescriptions | 2016 baseline | Another study reported a 114.6% increase in prescription rates between 2016 and 2021 | 2023 doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_4","claim":"| type 2 diabetic patients | — | canagliflozin (100 mg/die) increased VLHDL by 10.9% after 12 weeks | 2021 doi:10.3390/metabo11020087 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical 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mice with transverse aortic cons… | 2021 doi:10.1161/jaha.120.018298 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 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SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_7","claim":"| patients with type 2 diabetes | — | lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.6-0.8% (6-8 mmol/mol) without increasing the risk o… | 2020 doi:10.3390/diseases8020014 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_8","claim":"| patients with renal impairment | subjects with normal renal f… | Mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment were associated with a ≤70% increase in ertugl… | 2020 doi:10.1007/s40262-020-00875-1 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_9","claim":"| patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus | insulin or GLP-1RA | SGLT-2i showed a greater decrease of PWV (10.1%) than insulin or GLP-1RA. | 2020 doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015716 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney 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production rates increased by 31% compared with db/db vehicle-treated mice | 2018 doi:10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.07.006 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_11","claim":"| subgroup of patients with baseline uri… | glimepiride | In patients with UACR ≥30 mg/g, canagliflozin 100 mg decreased UACR by 31.7% (95% CI, 8.6%… | 2016 doi:10.1681/asn.2016030278 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular Feedback","doi":"10.34067/kid.0000000000000425","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38523127/"},{"study":"Pancreatitis with use of new diabetic medications: a real-world data study using the post-marketing FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database","doi":"10.3389/fphar.2024.1364110","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38860168/"},{"study":"Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003666","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797963/"},{"study":"EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors","doi":"10.1093/ckj/sfad082","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37529652/"}]},{"claim_id":"claim_12","claim":"| patients with T2DM and increased cardi… | earlier baseline period | relative risk reductions in major adverse cardiac events (14%) | 2016 doi:10.2174/1573399812666160613113556 |","candidate_sources":[{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Evolving Evidence and Clinical Application","doi":"10.4093/dmj.2025.0220","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40367988/"},{"study":"SGLT2 Inhibitors and Kidney Protection: Mechanisms Beyond Tubuloglomerular 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