{"publication_id":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","content_hash":"sha256:0533543aa741f3cbd7d5e0347bb465a3a05357e00b4e5a26bf3f0bec0b2f98a9","nodes":[{"id":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","type":"publication","title":"metformin longevity: one bounded, context-dependent signal across receipts"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across retrieved source-level receipts for metformin_longevity, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?"},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Metformin and Cancer Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Taking into Account Biases and Confounders [review; 2014] doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0424"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"Finding: Overall cancer incidence was reduced by 31% [summary relative risk (SRR), 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.90]"},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"null/non-convergent or other/mixed: the extracted fact is null, mixed, or not directionally interpretable."},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"directionally favorable: Metformin and Cancer Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Taking into Account Biases and Confounders — Overall cancer incidence was reduced by 31% [summary relative risk (SRR), 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.90]"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"Specific moderators in this bundle are population/indication (hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients; nondiabetic patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer; patients with WHO grade III glioma (high-grade glioma); patients with diabetes; sepsis patients with type 2 diabetes), study design/evidence type (primary/review). Single primary-study estimates are separated from pooled review or meta-analytic estimates rather than treated as interchangeable."},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for metformin_longevity; they separate by context (human clinical/observational) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim."},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"The signal is purely descriptive of effect-direction heterogeneity; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Association Between Preadmission Metformin Use and Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients With Sepsis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study","year":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2021.640785","url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.640785","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Phase II clinical trial of metformin as a cancer stem cell-targeting agent in ovarian cancer","year":2020,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.133247","url":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.133247","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"The Effect of Metformin Consumption on Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.006","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.006","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Use of metformin and survival of patients with high‐grade glioma","year":2018,"doi":"10.1002/ijc.31783","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31783","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Metformin and Cancer Risk and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Taking into Account Biases and Confounders","year":2014,"doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0424","url":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0424","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"}],"edges":[{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"62430fb3-2826-496e-a45c-494e9acdb5ba","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":5,"screened":5,"excluded":0,"included":5,"included_or_retained":5,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"5 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}