{"publication_id":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","content_hash":"sha256:915a35888db397c2c4642bcbc0f9708438460e754406ca292c3c8a1a6e091cc6","nodes":[{"id":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","type":"publication","title":"Metformin treatment: evidence map — 19 findings across 19 sources"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"This evidence map surveys 19 independent metformin treatment sources drawn from the Tier-2 corpus and classified as direct findings. They vary across population, comparator, and/or endpoint and are catalogued by source in the Findings Map rather than pooled into one estimate — cross-population aggregation is not claimed. Each row records its own population, comparator, endpoint, and effect, so the spread of the literature and any tensions between findings remain explicit."},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"| Caenorhabditis elegans | control | Metformin causes an 86% increase in S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) | 2025 doi:10.3390/ph18010055 |"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"| patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus… | baseline | MRI-PDFF decreased significantly with sitagliptin (15.5% ± 5.6% to 11.7% ± 5.0%, P = 0.001… | 2018 doi:10.1002/hep.30320 |"},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"| genetically heterogeneous mice (ITP) | rapamycin alone (historical… | Metformin (0.1%) combined with rapamycin (14 ppm) robustly extended lifespan, suggestive o… | 2016 doi:10.1111/acel.12496 |"},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"| mice on high-fat diet | without metformin | Clostridium cocleatum (0.10%±0.09%) abundances increased significantly after metformin tre… | 2014 doi:10.1128/aem.01357-14 |"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"| 342 overweight patients with newly dia… | — | this subgroup experienced a 39% (P = 0.010) risk reduction for myocardial infarction | 2011 doi:10.2337/dc10-2361 |"},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"| A/J mice treated with tobacco carcinog… | — | Metformin decreased tumor burden by 72%, which correlated with decreased cellular prolifer… | 2010 doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0055 |"},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Metformin: Old Drug, New Therapeutic Potential in the Skin? A Brief Narrative Review.","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s12325-025-03256-x","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40465202/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"The Gut Microbiota-Related Antihyperglycemic Effect of Metformin","year":2025,"doi":"10.3390/ph18010055","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39861118/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Selecting Appropriate Clinical Trial Endpoints for Geroscience Trials: A Path Towards Consensus.","year":2025,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5920485/v1","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39989956/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Gut aging: A wane from the normal to repercussion and gerotherapeutic strategies.","year":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37883","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39381110/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Intestinal stem cell aging at single‐cell resolution: Transcriptional perturbations alter cell developmental trajectory reversed by gerotherapeutics","year":2023,"doi":"10.1111/acel.13802","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36864750/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_6","type":"source","study":"Advances in metformin‑based metabolic therapy for non‑small cell lung cancer (Review)","year":2022,"doi":"10.3892/or.2022.8266","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35039878/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_7","type":"source","study":"Dorzagliatin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","year":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-01803-5","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35551292/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_8","type":"source","study":"Association Between Preadmission Metformin Use and Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients With Sepsis and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study","year":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fmed.2021.640785","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33855034/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_9","type":"source","study":"Phase II clinical trial of metformin as a cancer stem cell-targeting agent in ovarian cancer","year":2020,"doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.133247","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32369446/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_10","type":"source","study":"The Usefulness of Diagnostic Panels Based on Circulating Adipocytokines/Regulatory Peptides, Renal Function Tests, Insulin Resistance Indicators and Lipid-Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity","year":2020,"doi":"10.3390/biom10091304","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917052/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_11","type":"source","study":"Metformin Treatment Was Associated with Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes in a Retrospective Analysis","year":2020,"doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.20-0375","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32446312/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_12","type":"source","study":"The Availability, Pricing, and Affordability of Essential Diabetes Medicines in 17 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries","year":2019,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2019.01375","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31824316/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_13","type":"source","study":"Liraglutide, Sitagliptin, and Insulin Glargine Added to Metformin: The Effect on Body Weight and Intrahepatic Lipid in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","year":2018,"doi":"10.1002/hep.30320","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30341767/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_14","type":"source","study":"The effects of vildagliptin compared with metformin on vascular endothelial function and metabolic parameters: a randomized, controlled trial (Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 3)","year":2017,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-017-0607-6","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29017497/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_15","type":"source","study":"Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2‐inducer","year":2016,"doi":"10.1111/acel.12496","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27312235/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_16","type":"source","study":"Canagliflozin Slows Progression of Renal Function Decline Independently of Glycemic Effects","year":2016,"doi":"10.1681/asn.2016030278","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27539604/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_17","type":"source","study":"Effect of metformin on metabolic improvement and gut microbiota.","year":2014,"doi":"10.1128/aem.01357-14","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038099/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_18","type":"source","study":"Use of Metformin in the Setting of Mild-to-Moderate Renal Insufficiency","year":2011,"doi":"10.2337/dc10-2361","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21617112/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_19","type":"source","study":"Metformin Prevents Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis","year":2010,"doi":"10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0055","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20810672/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"57cdda93-cf6f-4497-b8fa-c2a05a658c90","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":19,"screened":19,"excluded":0,"included":19,"included_or_retained":19,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"19 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}