{"publication_id":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","content_hash":"sha256:6a5b4af83331f5fc6d9bf737e5db84207704e4fc36d489d88bb90415ebd9d131","nodes":[{"id":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","type":"publication","title":"SGLT2 inhibitors: one bounded, context-dependent signal across receipts"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across retrieved fact-level receipts for SGLT2 inhibitors, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?"},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Finding: the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risks of the primary end point (HR 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54-0.87]; P=0.002)"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"Finding: Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with AHF reduced the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.52; 95% CI [0.42, 0.65])"},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"Finding: those with heart failure treated with SGLT2 inhibitors had a 20% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalizations (risk ratio, 0.78; P<0.001)."},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies [review; 2021] doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105836"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"Finding: reduced risk of stroke with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to DPP-4 inhibitors (Hazard ratio HR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.82-0.96)"},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"This receipt-backed scoping note has one bounded signal: SGLT2 inhibitors shows directionally consistent signals across heterogeneous contexts across this 5-source primary/review bundle (2021-2023). Grouped by direction: directionally favorable: 5 receipt(s). The source facts cover 5 population context(s) and 4 intervention/exposure context(s), so this is a scoping signal about where endpoints diverge, without establishing a causal, clinical, species-translated, or mechanistically integrated claim. Direction is homogeneous: all selected receipts are directionally favorable. The boundary is population, comparator, and endpoint diversity, not directional disagreement. The listed effect sizes remain source-specific across endpoints and populations; they are not pooled or averaged. This is a heterogeneous indication/context map, not a unified disease-specific or endpoint-family claim. Concrete source-level examples: the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risks of the primary end point (HR 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54-0.87]; P=0.002); Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with AHF reduced the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.52; 95% CI [0.42, 0.65]); those with heart failure treated with SGLT2 inhibitors had a 20% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalizations (risk ratio, 0.78...."},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"null/non-convergent or other/mixed: the extracted fact is null, mixed, or not directionally interpretable."},{"id":"claim_9","type":"claim","text":"directionally favorable: Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population‐Based Investigation — the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risks of the primary end point (HR 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54-0.87]; P=0.002)"},{"id":"claim_10","type":"claim","text":"directionally favorable: Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors initiation in patients with acute heart failure, with and without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with AHF reduced the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure (OR 0.52; 95% CI [0.42, 0.65])"},{"id":"claim_11","type":"claim","text":"directionally favorable: Effects of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Trials — those with heart failure treated with SGLT2 inhibitors had a 20% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular deaths and heart failure hospitalizations (risk ratio, 0.78; P<0.001)."},{"id":"claim_12","type":"claim","text":"directionally favorable: SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies — reduced risk of stroke with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to DPP-4 inhibitors (Hazard ratio HR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.82-0.96)"},{"id":"claim_13","type":"claim","text":"Specific moderators in this bundle are population/indication (patients hospitalized with acute heart failure; patients with type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention; patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or heart failure (13 RCTs, 1251 patients); patients without diabetes mellitus with heart failure), study design/evidence type (primary/review). Single primary-study estimates are separated from pooled review or meta-analytic estimates rather than treated as interchangeable."},{"id":"claim_14","type":"claim","text":"The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for SGLT2 inhibitors; they separate by context (human clinical/observational) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim."},{"id":"claim_15","type":"claim","text":"The signal is purely descriptive of effect-direction heterogeneity; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population‐Based Investigation","year":2023,"doi":"10.1161/jaha.122.027824","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.122.027824","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors initiation in patients with acute heart failure, with and without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2022,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-022-01455-2","url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-022-01455-2","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Effects of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Trials","year":2021,"doi":"10.1161/jaha.120.019463","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.019463","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies","year":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105836","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105836","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on cardiac remodelling: a systematic review and meta-analysis","year":2021,"doi":"10.1093/eurjpc/zwab173","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab173","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"}],"edges":[{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_9","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_10","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_11","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_12","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_13","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_14","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"49395fbb-d4a2-4334-b9a8-44b8df0e7129","to":"claim_15","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":5,"screened":5,"excluded":0,"included":5,"included_or_retained":5,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"5 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}