{"publication_id":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","content_hash":"sha256:67c47b8583b94659792f3987699e5d47b54ef38822eee238bf258983eb29645c","nodes":[{"id":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","type":"publication","title":"Exercise recommendations: evidence map — 17 findings across 17 sources"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"This evidence map surveys 17 independent exercise recommendations sources drawn from the Tier-2 corpus and classified as direct findings. They span several populations, comparators, and endpoints and are catalogued by source in the Findings Map rather than pooled into one estimate — cross-population aggregation is not claimed. Each row records its own population, comparator, endpoint, and effect, so the spread of the literature and any tensions between findings remain explicit."},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"| men and women | — | elicit large increases in strength (∼25%) | 2024 doi:10.2337/dci23-0100 |"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"| runners and sedentary group in Stanfor… | sedentary lifestyle | those who exercise had a significantly lower risk of dying (15%) than the sedentary group… | 2021 doi:10.18632/aging.203051 |"},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"| adults following heart valve surgery | no exercise training | relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 2.68; 2 trials, 131 particip… | 2021 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010876.pub3 |"},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"| cancer survivors | control | Exercise significantly reduced the risk of recurrence in cancer survivors (RR = 0.52, 95%… | 2020 doi:10.1177/1534735420917462 |"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"| elderly patients with a high risk of s… | — | The PS + MSE group exhibited significant improvements in the whole-body LM (standard mean… | 2019 doi:10.3390/nu11081713 |"},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"| patients with non-metastatic cancer (m… | usual care control | resistance training exercise increased lean body mass assessed from dual-energy X-ray abso… | 2018 doi:10.1002/jcsm.12379 |"},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"| individuals without weight loss | hypocaloric diet | In the absence of weight loss, exercise is related to 6.1% decrease in VAT | 2016 doi:10.1111/obr.12406 |"},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition?","year":2024,"doi":"10.2337/dci23-0100","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging","year":2021,"doi":"10.18632/aging.203051","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34001677/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Positive Effects of Exercise Intervention without Weight Loss and Dietary Changes in NAFLD-Related Clinical Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2021,"doi":"10.3390/nu13093135","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34579012/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Efficacy of Prehabilitation Including Exercise on Postoperative Outcomes Following Abdominal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fsurg.2021.628848","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33816546/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults after heart valve surgery","year":2021,"doi":"10.1002/14651858.cd010876.pub3","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33962483/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_6","type":"source","study":"Preoperative Exercise Training to Prevent Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Adults Undergoing Major Surgery. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis","year":2020,"doi":"10.1513/annalsats.202002-183oc","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33030962/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_7","type":"source","study":"Effect of Exercise on Mortality and Recurrence in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2020,"doi":"10.1177/1534735420917462","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32476493/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_8","type":"source","study":"Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","year":2019,"doi":"10.3389/fnagi.2019.00098","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31080412/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_9","type":"source","study":"Physical and Psychological Health Outcomes of Qigong Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2019,"doi":"10.1142/s0192415x19500149","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30827152/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_10","type":"source","study":"The Role of Muscle Mass Gain Following Protein Supplementation Plus Exercise Therapy in Older Adults with Sarcopenia and Frailty Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of Randomized Trials","year":2019,"doi":"10.3390/nu11081713","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31349606/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_11","type":"source","study":"Comparative Effectiveness of the Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation on Mortality and Morbidity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis","year":2018,"doi":"10.3390/jcm7120514","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30518047/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_12","type":"source","study":"The evolution of body composition in oncology—epidemiology, clinical trials, and the future of patient care: facts and numbers","year":2018,"doi":"10.1002/jcsm.12379","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30637983/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_13","type":"source","study":"A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue","year":2016,"doi":"10.1111/obr.12406","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27213481/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_14","type":"source","study":"Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug interventions on mortality outcomes: metaepidemiological study","year":2015,"doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2015-f5577rep","url":null,"population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_15","type":"source","study":"Endurance exercise and selective breeding for longevity extend Drosophila healthspan by overlapping mechanisms","year":2015,"doi":"10.18632/aging.100789","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26298685/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_16","type":"source","study":"Efficacy of interventions that include diet, aerobic and resistance training components for type 2 diabetes prevention: a systematic review with meta-analysis","year":2014,"doi":"10.1186/1479-5868-11-2","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24423095/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_17","type":"source","study":"Molecular Networks of Human Muscle Adaptation to Exercise and Age","year":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pgen.1003389","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23555298/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"307720b3-d626-4883-8f9b-dedb8c228497","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":17,"screened":17,"excluded":0,"included":17,"included_or_retained":17,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"17 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}