{"publication_id":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","content_hash":"sha256:ff25e1610297e4456f41a616548c460a92491eab9ab3f72839f0eb43683c4ba7","nodes":[{"id":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","type":"publication","title":"SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or heart failure or CKD"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across 7 independently cited sources, the evidence converges on one bounded claim: sGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or heart failure or CKD. Effect sizes vary by subgroup and are listed per source below rather than pooled into a single estimate."},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Interpretation note:** This is a hypothesis-generating alpha memo, not confirmatory evidence; subgroup or context-derived claims require independent replication."},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"Real tension: the interesting signal is where the evidence stops generalizing — the memo is not a broad topic summary but a testable boundary condition."},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"Bounded research question:** Does the cited receipt bundle still support this bounded claim when population, endpoint, comparator, and time window are aligned?"},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=mortality/auto/2022/mortality_137535` (`A_core`) — Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of death from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.97; P = 0.01) doi=10.1038/s41591-022-01971-4"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=182560` (`A_core`) — reduced risk of stroke with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to non-SGLT2 inhibitors (HR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.77-0.91) doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105836"},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=150888` (`A_core`) — SGLT2 inhibitors decreased the risk of serious heart failure events by 25-40% doi=10.1002/ejhf.1732"},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=canagliflozin/auto/2016/cardiovascular_95211` (`A_core`) — relative risk reductions in major adverse cardiac events (14%) doi=10.2174/1573399812666160613113556"},{"id":"claim_9","type":"claim","text":"_Boundary evidence only; these receipts broaden source context but do not independently prove the lead claim._"},{"id":"claim_10","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=canagliflozin/auto/2016/mortality_95208` (`A_core`) — relative risk reductions in cardiovascular mortality (38%) doi=10.2174/1573399812666160613113556"},{"id":"claim_11","type":"claim","text":"`fact_id=160907` (`A_core`) — SGLT2I use was associated with lower risks of cardiovascular (HR:0.64, 95% CI: [0.49-0.85], P = 0.0017) mortality doi=10.3389/fcvm.2021.747620"},{"id":"claim_12","type":"claim","text":"_No direct opposing receipt was selected by this run. Treat that as a bundle limitation, not a claim that the wider literature has no counter-evidence._"},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure and Effect of Dapagliflozin: Findings From DAPA-HF","year":2022,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.122.060511","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35971840/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"Dapagliflozin across the range of ejection fraction in patients with heart failure: a patient-level, pooled meta-analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER","year":2022,"doi":"10.1038/s41591-022-01971-4","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36030328/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"SGLT-2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cerebrovascular/cardiovascular outcomes and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies","year":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105836","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34418562/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Autophagy Stimulation and Intracellular Sodium Reduction as Mediators of the Cardioprotective Effect of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors","year":2020,"doi":"10.1002/ejhf.1732","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32037659/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Potential mechanisms responsible for cardioprotective effects of sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors","year":2018,"doi":"10.1186/s12933-018-0745-5","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29991346/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_6","type":"source","study":"Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus","year":2016,"doi":"10.1161/circulationaha.116.021887","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27470878/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_7","type":"source","study":"Empagliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview of Phase 3 Clinical Trials","year":2016,"doi":"10.2174/1573399812666160613113556","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27296042/","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_9","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_10","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_11","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"08b65e1f-64fd-4028-b8a6-b572e628a8f0","to":"claim_12","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":7,"screened":7,"excluded":0,"included":7,"included_or_retained":7,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"7 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}