{"publication_id":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","content_hash":"sha256:bc62870ef346386ac0e51932a3d96a8109d1a44e419a9c4858f3b6ada9a901a7","nodes":[{"id":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","type":"publication","title":"caloric restriction: one bounded, context-dependent signal across receipts"},{"id":"claim_1","type":"claim","text":"Across retrieved fact-level receipts for caloric_restriction, which endpoints show directionally favorable versus null/non-convergent signals, and what matched PICO remains untested?"},{"id":"claim_2","type":"claim","text":"Finding: RT+CR+AT produced significantly greater increases in leg muscle strength [4.9 (0.7, 9.0) versus –1.1 (–5.5, 3.2) Nm, P =0.05]"},{"id":"claim_3","type":"claim","text":"This receipt-backed scoping note has one bounded signal: caloric_restriction shows endpoint-specific favorable signals with context limits across this 5-source primary/review bundle (2018-2024). Grouped by direction: directionally favorable: 1 receipt(s) | other/mixed: 4 receipt(s). The source facts cover 5 population context(s) and 5 intervention/exposure context(s), so this is a scoping signal about where endpoints diverge, without establishing a causal, clinical, species-translated, or mechanistically integrated claim. The listed effect sizes remain source-specific across endpoints and populations; they are not pooled or averaged. This is a heterogeneous indication/context map, not a unified disease-specific or endpoint-family claim. Concrete source-level examples: Interventions involving resistance training and caloric restriction were the most effective for reducing body fat percentage; RT+CR+AT produced significantly greater increases in leg muscle strength [4.9 (0.7, 9.0) versus –1.1 (–5.5, 3.2) Nm, P =0.05]; RT reduced 93.5% of CR-induced LBM loss."},{"id":"claim_4","type":"claim","text":"null/non-convergent or other/mixed: the extracted fact is null, mixed, or not directionally interpretable."},{"id":"claim_5","type":"claim","text":"other/mixed: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Resistance Training Added to Caloric Restriction Plus Aerobic Exercise Training in Obese Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction — RT+CR+AT produced significantly greater increases in leg muscle strength [4.9 (0.7, 9.0) versus –1.1 (–5.5, 3.2) Nm, P =0.05]"},{"id":"claim_6","type":"claim","text":"Specific moderators in this bundle are population/indication (adults without obesity; free-living adults with overweight/obesity; individuals with overweight and obesity; obese elderly individuals; older patients with obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), study design/evidence type (primary/review). Single primary-study estimates are separated from pooled review or meta-analytic estimates rather than treated as interchangeable."},{"id":"claim_7","type":"claim","text":"The selected receipts group because each carries a fact-level extraction for caloric_restriction; they separate by context (human clinical/observational and other source context) and endpoint, so they are not interchangeable evidence for one pooled claim."},{"id":"claim_8","type":"claim","text":"The signal is purely descriptive of effect-direction heterogeneity; it cannot support even a weak causal or comparative-efficacy inference, and pooling across these PICOs would be inappropriate."},{"id":"source_1","type":"source","study":"Resistance training effectiveness on body composition and body weight outcomes in individuals with overweight and obesity across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis","year":2022,"doi":"10.1111/obr.13428","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13428","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_2","type":"source","study":"A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Resistance Training Added to Caloric Restriction Plus Aerobic Exercise Training in Obese Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction","year":2022,"doi":"10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010161","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010161","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_3","type":"source","study":"Resistance Training Prevents Muscle Loss Induced by Caloric Restriction in Obese Elderly Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","year":2018,"doi":"10.3390/nu10040423","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040423","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"review-level"},{"id":"source_4","type":"source","study":"Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction","year":2024,"doi":"10.1038/s41467-024-48355-5","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48355-5","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"},{"id":"source_5","type":"source","study":"Effect of long-term caloric restriction on DNA methylation measures of biological aging in healthy adults from the CALERIE trial","year":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-022-00357-y","population":"not extracted","intervention_or_exposure":"not extracted","comparator":"not extracted","endpoint":"not extracted","effect":"not extracted","risk_of_bias":"not appraised in public sidecar","directness":"primary"}],"edges":[{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_1","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_2","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_3","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_4","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_5","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_6","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_7","type":"contains_claim"},{"from":"03c60412-d58e-42e5-8c1a-1f2401559bcd","to":"claim_8","type":"contains_claim"}],"screening":{"identified":5,"screened":5,"excluded":0,"included":5,"included_or_retained":5,"flow":["identified","screened","excluded_with_reasons","included"],"wording":"5 candidate receipts retained after source retrieval, deduplication, and topic filtering. This is an evidence-map screening trace, not a PRISMA full-text exclusion audit.","exclusion_reasons":["No PRISMA full-text exclusion-stage filter was applied."]}}